Hemorrhoids are excessive dilatation of the venous plexus in the anal canal or perianal area. Depending on the size of the nodes, they are divided into stages 1, 2, 3, 4. Hemorrhoidal nodes of stages 1 and 2 do not actually bother patients because they are located only in the anal canal, the only complaint may be blood discharge during the act of defecation. At stage 3, the nodes fall out during the act of defecation and can be inserted with a finger. At stage 4, the nodes fall out and do not re-enter.
Hemorrhoids of stages 1 and 2 are treated conservatively with the help of various suppositories and pills, or with latex ligation - a special technique that involves putting special rings on the hemorrhoid. The method of applying latex rings can be applied to those nodes whose size does not exceed 1.5 cm. In other cases, it is necessary to perform a full-fledged surgical intervention.
Currently, the following methods of surgical intervention are available:
- The traditional method of excision of nodes with a scalpel (Milligan-Morgan or Fergusson operation) - consists in excision of nodes with a scalpel and subsequent suturing of the anal mucosa.
- Laser ablation of a haemorrhoidal node - consists in thermal burning of the node with a laser beam. The technique is used for nodes up to 2 cm in size.
- HAL-RAR - under the control of the sensor, the vessels supplying the node are sutured, then the hemorrhoids are inserted into the anal canal. This technique is used for all stages of haemorrhoids.
- Longo operation - the mucous membrane of the anal canal is resected with all the vessels that supply blood to the haemorrhoidal nodes with a special haemorrhoidal stapler, and the nodes are automatically pulled into the anal canal and atrophy there. This technique is used only for haemorrhoids of stages 3 and 4
